554: The Dollar’s Hidden Power (and Why the World Wants Out)

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If you’ve ever wondered why the U.S. seems to play by a different set of financial rules than the rest of the world… this is it.

It all comes down to the U.S. dollar being the world’s reserve currency.

Now what does that actually mean?

After World War II, at the Bretton Woods conference, the global financial system was essentially rebuilt—with the U.S. at the center. The dollar was tied to gold, and other currencies were tied to the dollar. Even after we went off the gold standard in 1971, something interesting happened…

The world didn’t move on.

Instead, it doubled down on the dollar.

Today, the majority of global trade—oil, commodities, international contracts—is still priced in U.S. dollars. Central banks around the world hold dollars as reserves. When countries do business with each other, even if the U.S. isn’t involved, they often still settle in dollars.

That creates an extraordinary dynamic.

Because the entire world needs dollars, the U.S. can essentially export its currency—and in doing so, fund its deficits, maintain liquidity, and exert enormous influence over the global financial system.

In simple terms: We get to print the money everyone else needs.

Now imagine you’re another country.

You’re working, producing goods, running trade surpluses… and accumulating dollars that you don’t control. Meanwhile, U.S. monetary policy—interest rates, money printing, sanctions—can directly impact your economy whether you like it or not.

That’s why many countries don’t like this system.

It’s not just about economics. It’s about control.

Over the last decade, we’ve started to see cracks form:

Countries exploring trade outside the dollar
Central banks increasing gold reserves
The rise of digital currencies and blockchain-based systems
And geopolitical tensions accelerating the desire for alternatives

None of this means the dollar is going away tomorrow. But it does mean the landscape is changing—and if you’re an investor, you need to understand what that actually looks like.

Because the next shift in the global monetary system won’t be announced on CNBC ahead of time.

It will happen gradually… and then suddenly.

That’s exactly what we’re diving into this week.

On this episode of Wealth Formula Podcast, I sit down with economist Barry Eichengreen—one of the leading experts on global currencies and financial history—to break down:

How the dollar became the world’s reserve currency
What that status really means in practice
Why other countries are actively looking for alternatives
And how technological innovation, geopolitics, and history are shaping what comes next

If you care about where the world is headed—and how to position yourself ahead of it—you’ll want to listen to this one.

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Transcript

Disclaimer: This transcript was generated by AI and may not be 100% accurate. If you notice any errors or corrections, please email us at [email protected].

China has been, uh, working as hard as it can to try to encourage, uh, international use of its currency. China is worried about its dependence on the dollar. What happened to Russia in, uh, 2022 that it was barred from accessing its dollar holdings and, and, and doing business through the US banking system.

That in, who knows, a future conflict over Taiwan or something else. They could. Suffer a similar fate, so they’re trying to become more self-sufficient.

Welcome everybody. This is Buck Joffrey with the Wealth Formula Podcast. Coming to you from Montecito, California. Today we’re gonna talk about the dollars hidden power and why the world wants out. Here’s the thing, if you’ve ever wondered why the US seems to play by a different set of financial rules than the rest of the world.

Well, this is it. It all comes down to the US dollar being the world’s reserve currency. And you’ve heard of that before, but what does it actually mean? After World War II at the Bretton Woods Conference, the global financial system was essentially rebuilt, and the US was at the center. The dollar was tied to gold, and other currencies were tied to the dollar.

And after we went off that gold standard in 1971, uh, with President Nixon. Something really interesting happened. The world didn’t move on, they didn’t move on. They didn’t care about the dollar being pegged a goal. Instead, it doubled down on the dollar, and today the majority of global trade. Oil, commodities, international contracts still priced in US dollars.

Central banks around the world hold dollars as reserves. When countries do business with each other, even if the US isn’t involved, guess what? They still settle in dollars and that creates an extraordinary dynamic in significant benefit to us. The entire world needs dollars. The US can essentially therefore export its currency, and in doing so, fund deficits.

Maintain liquidity and exert enormous influence over the global financial system. Not to mention influence over, uh, countries in general. So in simple terms, we get to print the money everyone else needs. Now for a second, put yourself in another country, maybe one that, you know, we’re at odds with, like Russia or China.

You’re working. You’re producing goods, running trade surpluses, and accumulating dollars that you don’t control. Meanwhile, US monetary policy, interest rates, money printing sanctions, can directly impact your economy whether you like it or not, and that’s why countries don’t like this system. Well, one of many reasons they don’t like this system.

It’s not just about economics, it’s about control. Now, over the last decade, we’ve started to see cracks form. We’re seeing countries exploring trade outside the dollar, central banks increasing gold reserves, the rise of. Central Bank digital currencies and blockchain based systems and geopolitical tensions accelerating the desire for alternatives.

Now, you, you might have heard of this before, right? The, the rest of the world not being as interested in the dollar anymore, and sometimes it gets brought out as some sort of impending zombie apocalypse. I’m here to tell you that’s not really what’s going on. None of this means that the dollar is going away tomorrow, but it does mean that the landscape is gradually changing.

And if you’re an investor, you need to understand what exactly that looks like because the next shift in the global monetary system won’t be announced on CNBC ahead of time. It will happen gradually and then maybe it will be suddenly, but. That’s what exactly we’re gonna dive into today. On this week’s podcast episode, we’re gonna talk about how the dollar became the world’s reserve currency.

What the status really means in practice, why other countries are actively looking for alternatives, and how technological innovation, geopolitics, and history are shaping what comes next. And we’ll have that for you after these messages.

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Welcome back to the show, everyone. Today. My guest on Wealth Formula podcast is Barry Eichengreen. He’s one of the leading economic historians in the world, um, professor at uc Berkeley, who specializes in international finance, monetary policy, and uh, financial crises.

He spent decades studying how global currency systems evolve, how. Reserve currencies rise and fall and what really drives financial crises behind the scenes. He’s also the author of several influential books, including Exorbitant Privilege, which explores the rise and future of the US dollar, globalizing capital, A deep dive into the history of international monetary systems, all of mirrors, which compares the Great Depression of the Great Recession, and the populous temptation, which looks at political forces that often emerge during economic stress.

Welcome, uh, Barry. How are you?

I’m good. Thank you.

Well let, let’s start off with some, um, something kind of, I guess maybe basic when it comes to, uh, just what people talk about and, you know, how we should perceive it. There’s always a lot of talk these days about the US dollar, uh, losing its power globally.

Bottom line, you know, what should the average, you know. Investor or just any person really who’s going about their day, you know, making an income, paying their bills. What, what, what should they think about that? Or how should they think about that? Or is this mostly noise for them?

No, I think, uh, the fact that the dollar is not only the currency of the United States, but the currency of the world that it’s traded in 90.

90% of all foreign exchange transactions worldwide that it’s used in half of all cross border payments for, um, merchandise transactions and financial transactions around the world. Even when those transactions don’t involve the United States that matters for people’s every day, everyday lives, it matters because it enables our government to, uh, place its debt securities at lower interest rates.

Then would be the case. Otherwise, because banks and governments and central banks around the world hold those treasury securities as the bedrock of their portfolios. And if, uh, interest rates on treasury bonds are lower, that spills over into mortgage markets and other markets, uh, those interest rates are, are, are linked.

So people who are taking out a mortgage to buy a house will feel that directly. Um, because there’s that demand out there in the rest of the world for US treasury securities that makes the dollar exchange rate stronger. Than it would be otherwise. And that keeps import prices down. At least it keeps them lower than they would be in the absence of that demand.

And finally, um, the dollars global role has been good for financial stability in the United States for many decades. So whenever a bad thing happens in the world economy, when Lehman Brothers failed in. 2008 or when the COVID pandemic broke out in March of 2020, or when a war broke out in the Middle East in uh, February of 2026, funds rushed into US financial markets sent into the dollar because the dollar was regarded as a safe haven.

Um, US treasury market is the single largest and most liquid financial market in the world. Easy to get in and out of. So, uh, investors frightened by what’s going on, rush into the dollar, and that supports our markets. We don’t have the suffer from the phenomenon other countries do when in times of turmoil funds rush out of their markets and, uh, and those markets collapse.

So right now, the US is running huge deficits piling on debt, and that would normally weaken a currency. Why hasn’t that really happened with the dollar?

Because, um, our, our debts have not always been as high as they are now. You know, they are growing by 6% of GDP every year. That’s the size of the budget deficit that, uh, the federal government is running.

There’s, in the past there had been no particular reason for global investors to worry. About whether the federal government was gonna make good on its obligations. But now as that debt burden has continued to rise, they have begun to worry. So the dollars safe haven status, uh, is pretty much intact up until now.

That doesn’t mean that, uh, this will continue to be the case in the future. The dollar exchange rate. Did weaken against, uh, other currencies by about 10% last year. So that was an indication that, uh, global investors are awake. Uh, awakening to the problem hasn’t happened until now, but that’s no guarantee against problems going forward.

So we often hear these days when, uh, you know, in these conversations about the risk to the US as a reserve currency. Dedo d Dollarization, um, countries moving away from the dollar, is that a real trend that we’re seeing right now? Can you tell us a little bit about what we’re seeing that would tell us that that’s really a, really a major concern.

So it, um, has been evident in kind of the very slow, even glacial. Erosion of the dollars global dominance over the last quarter century. So the most obvious indicator of that erosion would be the decline in the dollars share of Central Bank Reserve Holdings globally. At the dawn of the 21st century, the dollar accounted for a bit more than 70% of Central Bank foreign exchange holdings around the world.

Now that number is down to a bit less than 60. Percent. Another indicator would be the number of countries that peg their currencies to the dollar. That number has declined very gradually over time as well. Uh, and I, I, I think a gradual decline is no disaster. Uh, I think in the same way that, uh, uh, the Global Commons is better off with a diverse.

Ecosystem. The global monetary and financial system is better off with a diverse set of sources of, of liquidity. Not only, uh, the Fed and the dollar providing funds to the global economy, but also the Euro area and the European Central Bank and other major central banks. The danger is that this process could.

Accelerate in a chaotic way, which would, um, disrupt 21st century globalization.

When you talk about the reduction in US dollars in, in, in foreign, uh, central banks, what is it being replaced with? Or is it just diluted with everything else that was there? Is, for example, it seems like gold is being bought up by some central banks.

Is that. One of the main replacement, uh, variables.

So that is one replacement. No advanced country Central Bank has purchased gold in recent decades. Uh, their gold holdings have become more valuable as the price of gold has gone up. Of course, it’s emerging markets, central banks. That did not inherit gold from the past that have been adding it to their portfolios.

So that’s part of the answer to your question. And the other part is that they have been creating their dollars for what you might call non-traditional reserve currencies, uh, of the ground that the dollar has lost, that I described earlier, about a quarter of that has been gained by China’s currency.

Ren B and the other three quarters has been gained by the currencies of small, open, well-managed economies. Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Korea, Singapore, uh, Denmark, Norway, Sweden. Their currencies have been, uh, central banks have been adding their currencies to their reserve portfolios as they trim the share of the dollar.

You talk about China a little bit more. Um, the, the situation with their currency is somewhat complicated, uh, with regard to, you know, their, their ability to suppress it. Would you address that a little bit?

China has been, uh, working as hard as it can to try to encourage, uh, international use of its currency.

China is worried about its dependence on the dollar and whether what happened to Russia in. Uh, 2022 that it was barred from accessing its dollar holdings and, and, and doing business through the US banking system. That in, who knows, a future conflict over Taiwan or something else. They could. Suffer a similar fate.

So they’re trying to become more self-sufficient in the sense, uh, of being able to do cross-border business in their own currency just as we in the US can do cross-border business in our own currency. The problem is that they are starting out way behind. Um, the US has been promoting international use of the dollar ever since we established the, the Federal Reserve in 1913, more than a century.

Ago, uh, China has been. Embarked on this process for a little more than a decade. So where the dollar is used in, in half of all cross border payments worldwide, the Chinese Renmin B is used in 3%. So even if they grow that number at double digit rates, it will take them a decade or two before they come within hailing distance of the dollar.

Uh, they have have two special problems, uh, to address. Or, or, um, to overcome. One is they still have financial restrictions, capital controls on certain inflows and outflows of funds into their. Financial markets. And number two, uh, they have an autocratic political system. Nothing prevents President Xi and the polyp bureau from waking up tomorrow morning and arbitrarily changing the rules of the financial game, and they’re gonna have to convince global investors of their reliability.

Before people are willing to park a large share of their funds, their reserves in Shanghai. So, uh, whenever I go to China, I managed to go there twice Last year, I would make this point, every leading global currency in history has been the currency of a political democracy or republic where there are checks and balances, uh, limits on arbitrary action by the king or the emperor.

Or the the president, my Chinese audiences listen respectfully. They don’t really respond to the point, but there is a sense in which the tables are turning as well. People are asking questions about checks and balances, division of powers, rule of law in the United States, and the Europeans and others are rethinking their dependence on the dollar on those same grounds.

When you think about it historically. Uh, you know, just historical perspective on like, you know, what happens to a country when it loses? Reserve status. Can you give us some examples?

So if you go back in history, the Dutch Republic, uh, the Dutch Guilder was the, um, the global currency in the 17th and 18th century.

That was the period of the dusty Dutch East India company. And when the Netherlands controlled much of what we were, uh, know today as Indonesia and. And, and, and, and so forth. Uh, their currency rose to global prominence because of strong institutions, strong political institutions, and really the world’s first central bank to backstop, uh, their financial market.

And, uh, in Amsterdam, the Bank of Amsterdam established already, uh, early in the 17th century, but. Their economy could not keep pace with larger economies that were beginning to industrialize at the end of the 18th century. The first and foremost, the British, uh, their army couldn’t fend off the army of a larger economy, France.

Um, so it was a combination of military defeat at the end of the 18th century and economic decline. I think that basically, um, ended the global brain of their currency. Another example would be Britain in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, Britain was the first industrial nation. It was had the largest economy in the world in the first half of the 19th century.

It was the largest exporter. Britannia ruled the waves. It had the largest navy to protect those shipping routes. A connection that current events in the Straits of Horus, uh, bring to mind. Uh, but. Britain couldn’t grow its economy successfully. It became the sick man of Europe. It was overtaken by larger economies, the US and Germany, uh, um, excessive debts.

As a result of World War I and World War II basically ended Sterling’s global role in 1945. So you see a combination of economic, uh, relative economic decline, geopolitical problems as well, conspiring to, to bring global currencies reign to an end.

And when the Sterling lost its reserve status, what, what were the implications?

Well, I think the, um. London was overtaken by New York, uh, as the leading global. Financial center, um, the pound sterling then went through a series of chaotic crises because it lost that safe haven status that it had enjoyed. When. Uh, um, Sterling was the leading global currency. So there were a series, uh, uh, of currency crises and financial crises that, uh, in 19 49, 19 67, 19 76, 19 92, um, e Each time there was such a crisis, the currency depreciated sharply that interfered with.

The country’s export business. It fed in, in, in, in inflation. It was a long, unhappy story.

So can we surmise, um, that, you know, if the dollar stays strong, that helps us with, you know, controlled interest rates going forward and, and conversely, if it weakens, we notice maybe higher inflation, higher interest rates, something else.

Yeah, so I think, um, the US derives several benefits from the dollars global role, and we should work to preserve that role. Um, there’s the simple convenience, value to US banks and firms of being able to do business globally in their own native currency. There are those lower interest rates on, on treasury bonds and therefore, uh, other interest rate, downward pressure on other interest rates.

There is that. Automatic in, in insurance when there’s turmoil in global markets and funds rush into the United States rather than rushing out. And finally, there’s um, the geopolitical leverage that we get from the dollars global role that, uh, judicious use of financial sanctions. Russia, uh, depended very heavily on the dollar and the US banking system.

So it suffered when we, uh. Cut it off from, uh, our, our financial markets and our currency following its attack on, on Ukraine. Uh, if other countries don’t rely on the dollar in as much in the future, our leverage over them financially will be less. So I think all, all of those are dimensions, uh, uh, of the dollars of America’s exorbitant privilege as.

People refer to it, the dollar’s global role. And if we do anything to fritter it away, I think Americans will be worse off.

How do we protect it? How do we regain status in general? Has that to do with, um, geopolitical issues, political issues in the us? What, what types of things would help? Preserve the US dollar.

Well, a strong co economy is obviously the, the first and most central foundation of the dollar’s global role. Um, deep in liquid financial markets, being sure that, uh, we avoid doing anything that could destabilize those financial markets. I worry about steps being taken at the moment to reduce capital requirements on, on big banks as potentially jeopardizing that stability, bringing the public debt under control.

So, f. International investors don’t worry about the possibility that politicians will lean on the Fed to buy those bonds, monetize the debt, push up inflation, depreciate the dollar, preserving the independence of the central bank so that it can push back against political pressure. And uh, then, uh uh.

Addressing doubts about our politics domestically, uh, reassuring international investors about rule of law, separation of powers. Um. Control of corruption internationally, uh, solidifying our alliances with other countries. So, uh, central banks and governments hold and use the currencies of their alliance partners.

Their alliance partners are, are regarded as trustworthy. They’re good stewards of the reserves of other countries. Other countries like to hold and use the currencies of their alliance partners as a show of good faith. As a show of appreciation. So when the dollar came under strain in the 1960s, it was supported by West Germany and Japan because we had boots on the ground in both countries we provided them with, with, uh, their nuclear umbrella.

So when, when I hear, uh, talk that in Europe that the US is not a reliable alliance partner, I worry about the dollar.

In some ways, you look at Europe and, and I think one of the things maybe we have to rely on is what, where else do they turn? They’re not gonna turn to China, they’re not gonna turn to Russia.

Um, but is is that sort of a, a built-in support for us right now in the sense that we may not be doing everything right? We may be, you know, we may be not on a good course, but at the end of the day, there’s not a, not a great. Number of alternatives.

So many people, um, uh, refer to that Tina. There is no alternative.

But, uh, there, there is the scenario in which confidence in the dollar is lost for any one of the aforementioned reasons. And if international investors liquidate the dollar and all try to pile into gold or something else, there won’t be enough. Uh, finance enough liquidity. To, uh, provide the credit needed for, uh, global imports, exports, capital flows, foreign investment.

And that’s, uh, a, a, a scenario where, where globalization, as we know it, the, the trade and cross border capital flows, the global economy runs on, come on, under severe strain because those transactions become. Difficult to finance. Um, you, you mentioned Europe. Uh, the Europeans are, are moving as fast as they can now to become more self, financially, self-reliant by, uh, enhancing the international role of the Euro.

So among other things, they’re moving fast now to create, uh, central bank digital currency, the digital euro. We in the United States, the Congress passed a bill prohibiting the Fed. From creating a central bank digital currency, we are betting on privately issued stable coins. The Europeans are betting on central bank issued digital tokens.

Uh, I I, I I think they’re betting on the right horse and we’re betting on the wrong one.

Could you explain why that’s of significance, the, the digital currencies?

Well, because there’s this thing out there called blockchain. Or distributed ledger technology. Sure. It’s a new set of payments rails that can link all the countries in the world to one another, and you can use it to execute transactions, financial transactions quickly at low cost securely, in most cases at low cost.

And the question is, what will run on that new set of payments rails? What will. Be moved on blockchain. Will it be stable coins issued by Walmart and Amazon? Will it be uh, uh, central Bank? Currency issued by the European Central Bank and other central banks around the world. Will it be commercial bank deposits that are tokenized and then those tokens can be moved on blockchain as opposed to doing what we do now, which is asking my bank to contact your bank and another country, and that takes a week to move the money.

One of those alternatives is coming and I would put my. Chips on Central Bank digital currencies and tokenized bank deposits not.

So essentially what you’re saying is maybe what that does is it, um, eliminates a choke point that maybe the US is playing right

now. Yeah. That the, that the, in. Legacy financial technology has favored the dollar because most global transactions, uh, a bank in Thailand will contact a US bank to transfer money to a bank in Malaysia.

That’s, uh, the choke point, if you will. That’s the advantage the dollar has had for, for more than half a century. This new technology, uh, will provide an alternative and the question is, what will, what will run on those rails?

I’m curious since you bring up blockchain, um, you know, as a historian who’s kind of seen things, um, you know, in the big picture, you know, there is, there is, uh, this, there is Bitcoin, which I think has evolved from something that probably we wouldn’t be talking about in this conversation at all 10 years ago to something that.

Being widely adopted, certainly in the, in the US financial system. Do you see that evolving into a potential store of value give like gold given its liquidity?

I think, um, Bitcoin is too volatile to be a store of value, uh, unit of account, uh, a reliable means of payments. So I’ve just listed the three, uh, things that, uh, define money.

Unit of account means a payment store of value. Uh, stable coins are supposed to be a stable store of value. I think their stability is yet to be proven and they, um, don’t, uh, it’s not clear. They will be fungible. By which I mean, will Walmart. Coin, can you use it at Amazon? And will you be able to use Amazon coin at Walmart?

I’m not. We know we can use central bank money, the, the dollar bills in our pocket and in the future, central Bank digital currency anywhere. So I think, uh, C BDCs have advantages. The other point I would make is that your general. Focus on, on technology and how it’s changing is really important throughout history.

So you were kind enough to mention my earlier books in your intro, but there’s a new one right above my head here. Money Beyond Borders Out last month, one of the themes there is how financial monetary technology is continuously. Evolving and that changes the rules of the monetary game over time. I go all the way back to the advent of coinage in six, in 600 BC in, uh, Anatolia, present day Turkey.

Uh, the advent of, uh, fiat currency, not necessarily convertible into gold or silver in Amsterdam in, uh. Uh, 18th century anti, uh, electronic trading of foreign exchange starting in the 1990s all the way up to blockchain. And I think you can understand, uh, the changing role of global currencies partly through that technology lens.

So you’ve studied, you know, financial crises going back over a century. So what are you looking at like a day-to-day basis when you read the news? What are the things that you’re focused on or things that you’re, the variables that you look at as potential warning signs that maybe people should be paying attention to?

Um, that suggests, you know, some of the problems ahead that we discussed.

Well, I look at how, how the dollar exchange rate reacts to immense. Big events. So, a, as I said before, the traditional behavior is that when global volatility spikes, when investors get, uh, um, anxious, the dollar has always strengthened because funds flow into the US and into the dollar as a safe haven.

After Liberation day, April 2nd, uh, 2025, when Trump announced his reciprocal tariffs, that didn’t happen. Uh, global measures of global volatility spiked, but the dollar weakened. So that kind of indicated that something had been changing. On March 2nd and third, 2026, the two days after war in the Middle East broke out, the dollar strengthened by 1.5%.

Uh, and I’m not yet sure how to interpret that. That was the traditional safe haven behavior. Dollar strengthens when, uh, a big geopolitical event happens, but the historical record would suggest the dollar sort of strengthened by a lot more. Events in the Middle East are, uh, major, the global energy shock that’s coming is a big deal and that the dollar only strengthened by one and a half percent may, may be indicate, indicating that the ground, the financial ground is shifting under us a little bit.

One of the, you mentioned that one of the things that, um, can help protect a dollar is a, a very strong economy and. I’m curious, you know, given all that’s happening now in the US with, uh, artificial intelligence and, you know, GDP growth, uh, presumably ahead, um, what does the world look like to you 10 years from now?

I mean, does the world still revolve around the US dollar or do you see an, an inevitability, uh, towards something else?

Well, I see, uh, an. Inevitable rebalancing away from the dollar over time because I think, uh. Emerging markets and developing countries will continue to emerge and, and, and develop. They have room to catch up, relatively speaking to the United States in terms of living standards and per capita income and so forth.

What that implies, if it happens is that the US over time accounts for a gradually declining share of the global. Economy and uh, it follows that the dollar will play a gradually declining role in global. Finance and monetary affairs, if that occurs gradually and smoothly over time, it’ll be a good thing because it’ll make for that more diverse monetary and financial ecosystem that I referred to before.

If it occurs abruptly, suddenly, and chaotically, that will be highly disruptive. So my base case is, as you say, one where the dollars global dominance. Declines over time. I can’t tell you whether that will occur gradually and smoothly or abruptly and chaotically. I definitely prefer the first of the two alternatives, but I am not enough of a political sage to know, you know, how the relevant policies domestically and internationally are gonna play out.

I guess the last question I would have is, you know, people listening to this, they’re probably thinking well. What do I do with this information? And certainly not looking for, uh, investment advice here at all, but does it, does it suggest that maybe people ought to be looking at, you know, markets globally rather than just US markets?

I mean, how, how would you think about that? What, what framework would you use to, to sort of protect your.

Yeah, I, I, um, think that the recommendation that flows from that is diversification, both across economies, um, but also across currencies. Um, I, my, um, dissertation advisor in graduate school, James Tobin, won the Nobel Prize in, uh, the early 1980s, and the newspaper reporters asked him, what does.

Tell us in a few words, uh, what your famous portfolio theory. Means for the average investor. And he said, don’t put all your eggs in one basket. And I think that old advice is still good advice.

I, I wanna thank you for joining us today on Wealth Formula Podcast. Uh, remind us the name of the new book, which unfortunately I had every other book you had, but, uh, I missed the most recent one.

Well, the most recent one is the most important one. It’s called Money Beyond Borders Global Currencies from Creases to Crypto. Where CREs was the Lydian king who was responsible for the advent of coins.

Thanks so much for being on today. You make a lot of money but are still worried about retirement.

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Check it out for yourself by going to wealthformulabanking.com. Welcome back to the show everyone. Hope you enjoyed it and again, nothing to panic about, but something to certainly think about as we, uh, move forward, uh, in this really confusing and, uh, shifting geopolitical world. The most you can do as an investor is to make sure that you are on top of this stuff, that you are educating yourself, and that’s what we’re here for at Wealth Formula Podcast.

This is Buck Joffrey signing off. If you wanna learn more, you can now get free access to our in-depth personal finance course featuring industry leaders like Tom Wheelwright and Ken McElroy visit wealthformularoadmap.com.